Translocation of proteins across the cell envelope of Gram-positive bacteria.

Cell Envelope Structure and Functions in Gram-negative Bacteria

Two Proteins from Snake Venom have Potent Antibacterial Effects against Bacillus anthracis and Streptococcus pneumoniae

Background: Antibacterial proteins are widely expressed in snake venoms. Previously, we have isolated two immunodominant proteins with molecular weights of 14 and 65kD from the snake venom of Naja naja oxiana (N. oxiana). It was demonstrated that they had potent inhibitory effects against gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus and B. subtilis but were less effective against gram-negative bacteria, s...

Listeria monocytogenes virulence factor secretion: don't leave the cell without a chaperone

In Gram-positive bacteria, the secretion of proteins requires translocation of polypeptides across the bacterial membrane into the highly charged environment of the membrane-cell wall interface. Here, proteins must be folded and often further delivered across the matrix of the cell wall. While many aspects of protein secretion have been well studied in Gram-negative bacteria which possess both ...

The net charge of the first 18 residues of the mature sequence affects protein translocation across the cytoplasmic membrane of gram-negative bacteria.

This statistical study shows that in proteins of gram-negative bacteria exported by the Sec-dependent pathway, the first 14 to 18 residues of the mature sequences have the highest deviation between the observed and expected net charge distributions. Moreover, almost all sequences have either neutral or negative net charge in this region. This rule is restricted to gram-negative bacteria, since ...

Export of the pseudopilin XcpT of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa type II secretion system via the signal recognition particle-Sec pathway.

Type IV pilins and pseudopilins are found in various prokaryotic envelope protein complexes, including type IV pili and type II secretion machineries of gram-negative bacteria, competence systems of gram-positive bacteria, and flagella and sugar-binding structures in members of the archaeal kingdom. The precursors of these proteins have highly conserved N termini, consisting of a short, positiv...